source: downloads/tcl8.5.2/generic/tclBinary.c @ 63

/*
 * tclBinary.c --
 *
 *      This file contains the implementation of the "binary" Tcl built-in
 *      command and the Tcl binary data object.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1997 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 *
 * RCS: @(#) $Id: tclBinary.c,v 1.41 2008/03/24 03:10:06 patthoyts Exp $
 */

#include "tclInt.h"
#include "tommath.h"

#include <math.h>

/*
 * The following constants are used by GetFormatSpec to indicate various
 * special conditions in the parsing of a format specifier.
 */

#define BINARY_ALL -1           /* Use all elements in the argument. */
#define BINARY_NOCOUNT -2       /* No count was specified in format. */

/*
 * The following flags may be ORed together and returned by GetFormatSpec
 */

#define BINARY_SIGNED 0         /* Field to be read as signed data */
#define BINARY_UNSIGNED 1       /* Field to be read as unsigned data */

/*
 * The following defines the maximum number of different (integer) numbers
 * placed in the object cache by 'binary scan' before it bails out and
 * switches back to Plan A (creating a new object for each value.)
 * Theoretically, it would be possible to keep the cache about for the values
 * that are already in it, but that makes the code slower in practise when
 * overflow happens, and makes little odds the rest of the time (as measured
 * on my machine.) It is also slower (on the sample I tried at least) to grow
 * the cache to hold all items we might want to put in it; presumably the
 * extra cost of managing the memory for the enlarged table outweighs the
 * benefit from allocating fewer objects. This is probably because as the
 * number of objects increases, the likelihood of reuse of any particular one
 * drops, and there is very little gain from larger maximum cache sizes (the
 * value below is chosen to allow caching to work in full with conversion of
 * bytes.) - DKF
 */

#define BINARY_SCAN_MAX_CACHE   260

/*
 * Prototypes for local procedures defined in this file:
 */

static void             DupByteArrayInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *srcPtr,
                            Tcl_Obj *copyPtr);
static int              FormatNumber(Tcl_Interp *interp, int type,
                            Tcl_Obj *src, unsigned char **cursorPtr);
static void             FreeByteArrayInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *objPtr);
static int              GetFormatSpec(char **formatPtr, char *cmdPtr,
                            int *countPtr, int *flagsPtr);
static Tcl_Obj *        ScanNumber(unsigned char *buffer, int type,
                            int flags, Tcl_HashTable **numberCachePtr);
static int              SetByteArrayFromAny(Tcl_Interp *interp,
                            Tcl_Obj *objPtr);
static void             UpdateStringOfByteArray(Tcl_Obj *listPtr);
static void             DeleteScanNumberCache(Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr);
static int              NeedReversing(int format);
static void             CopyNumber(const void *from, void *to,
                            unsigned int length, int type);

/*
 * The following object type represents an array of bytes. An array of bytes
 * is not equivalent to an internationalized string. Conceptually, a string is
 * an array of 16-bit quantities organized as a sequence of properly formed
 * UTF-8 characters, while a ByteArray is an array of 8-bit quantities.
 * Accessor functions are provided to convert a ByteArray to a String or a
 * String to a ByteArray. Two or more consecutive bytes in an array of bytes
 * may look like a single UTF-8 character if the array is casually treated as
 * a string. But obtaining the String from a ByteArray is guaranteed to
 * produced properly formed UTF-8 sequences so that there is a one-to-one map
 * between bytes and characters.
 *
 * Converting a ByteArray to a String proceeds by casting each byte in the
 * array to a 16-bit quantity, treating that number as a Unicode character,
 * and storing the UTF-8 version of that Unicode character in the String. For
 * ByteArrays consisting entirely of values 1..127, the corresponding String
 * representation is the same as the ByteArray representation.
 *
 * Converting a String to a ByteArray proceeds by getting the Unicode
 * representation of each character in the String, casting it to a byte by
 * truncating the upper 8 bits, and then storing the byte in the ByteArray.
 * Converting from ByteArray to String and back to ByteArray is not lossy, but
 * converting an arbitrary String to a ByteArray may be.
 */

Tcl_ObjType tclByteArrayType = {
    "bytearray",
    FreeByteArrayInternalRep,
    DupByteArrayInternalRep,
    UpdateStringOfByteArray,
    SetByteArrayFromAny
};

/*
 * The following structure is the internal rep for a ByteArray object. Keeps
 * track of how much memory has been used and how much has been allocated for
 * the byte array to enable growing and shrinking of the ByteArray object with
 * fewer mallocs.
 */

typedef struct ByteArray {
    int used;                   /* The number of bytes used in the byte
                                 * array. */
    int allocated;              /* The amount of space actually allocated
                                 * minus 1 byte. */
    unsigned char bytes[4];     /* The array of bytes. The actual size of this
                                 * field depends on the 'allocated' field
                                 * above. */
} ByteArray;

#define BYTEARRAY_SIZE(len) \
                ((unsigned) (sizeof(ByteArray) - 4 + (len)))
#define GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr) \
                ((ByteArray *) (objPtr)->internalRep.otherValuePtr)
#define SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, baPtr) \
                (objPtr)->internalRep.otherValuePtr = (VOID *) (baPtr)


/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_NewByteArrayObj --
 *
 *      This procedure is creates a new ByteArray object and initializes it
 *      from the given array of bytes.
 *
 * Results:
 *      The newly create object is returned. This object will have no initial
 *      string representation. The returned object has a ref count of 0.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Memory allocated for new object and copy of byte array argument.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG
#undef Tcl_NewByteArrayObj

Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(
    const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the
                                 * new object. */
    int length)                 /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be
                                 * >= 0. */
{
    return Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(bytes, length, "unknown", 0);
}

#else /* if not TCL_MEM_DEBUG */

Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(
    const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the
                                 * new object. */
    int length)                 /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be
                                 * >= 0. */
{
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr;

    TclNewObj(objPtr);
    Tcl_SetByteArrayObj(objPtr, bytes, length);
    return objPtr;
}
#endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj --
 *
 *      This procedure is normally called when debugging: i.e., when
 *      TCL_MEM_DEBUG is defined. It is the same as the Tcl_NewByteArrayObj
 *      above except that it calls Tcl_DbCkalloc directly with the file name
 *      and line number from its caller. This simplifies debugging since then
 *      the [memory active] command will report the correct file name and line
 *      number when reporting objects that haven't been freed.
 *
 *      When TCL_MEM_DEBUG is not defined, this procedure just returns the
 *      result of calling Tcl_NewByteArrayObj.
 *
 * Results:
 *      The newly create object is returned. This object will have no initial
 *      string representation. The returned object has a ref count of 0.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Memory allocated for new object and copy of byte array argument.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG

Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(
    const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the
                                 * new object. */
    int length,                 /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be
                                 * >= 0. */
    const char *file,           /* The name of the source file calling this
                                 * procedure; used for debugging. */
    int line)                   /* Line number in the source file; used for
                                 * debugging. */
{
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr;

    TclDbNewObj(objPtr, file, line);
    Tcl_SetByteArrayObj(objPtr, bytes, length);
    return objPtr;
}

#else /* if not TCL_MEM_DEBUG */

Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(
    const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the
                                 * new object. */
    int length,                 /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be
                                 * >= 0. */
    const char *file,           /* The name of the source file calling this
                                 * procedure; used for debugging. */
    int line)                   /* Line number in the source file; used for
                                 * debugging. */
{
    return Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(bytes, length);
}
#endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_SetByteArrayObj --
 *
 *      Modify an object to be a ByteArray object and to have the specified
 *      array of bytes as its value.
 *
 * Results:
 *      None.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      The object's old string rep and internal rep is freed. Memory
 *      allocated for copy of byte array argument.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

void
Tcl_SetByteArrayObj(
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr,            /* Object to initialize as a ByteArray. */
    const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes to use as the new
                                 * value. */
    int length)                 /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be
                                 * >= 0. */
{
    ByteArray *byteArrayPtr;

    if (Tcl_IsShared(objPtr)) {
        Tcl_Panic("%s called with shared object", "Tcl_SetByteArrayObj");
    }
    TclFreeIntRep(objPtr);
    Tcl_InvalidateStringRep(objPtr);

    byteArrayPtr = (ByteArray *) ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length));
    byteArrayPtr->used = length;
    byteArrayPtr->allocated = length;
    memcpy(byteArrayPtr->bytes, bytes, (size_t) length);

    objPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType;
    SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj --
 *
 *      Attempt to get the array of bytes from the Tcl object. If the object
 *      is not already a ByteArray object, an attempt will be made to convert
 *      it to one.
 *
 * Results:
 *      Pointer to array of bytes representing the ByteArray object.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Frees old internal rep. Allocates memory for new internal rep.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

unsigned char *
Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr,            /* The ByteArray object. */
    int *lengthPtr)             /* If non-NULL, filled with length of the
                                 * array of bytes in the ByteArray object. */
{
    ByteArray *baPtr;

    if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) {
        SetByteArrayFromAny(NULL, objPtr);
    }
    baPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr);

    if (lengthPtr != NULL) {
        *lengthPtr = baPtr->used;
    }
    return (unsigned char *) baPtr->bytes;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_SetByteArrayLength --
 *
 *      This procedure changes the length of the byte array for this object.
 *      Once the caller has set the length of the array, it is acceptable to
 *      directly modify the bytes in the array up until Tcl_GetStringFromObj()
 *      has been called on this object.
 *
 * Results:
 *      The new byte array of the specified length.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Allocates enough memory for an array of bytes of the requested size.
 *      When growing the array, the old array is copied to the new array; new
 *      bytes are undefined. When shrinking, the old array is truncated to the
 *      specified length.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

unsigned char *
Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr,            /* The ByteArray object. */
    int length)                 /* New length for internal byte array. */
{
    ByteArray *byteArrayPtr;

    if (Tcl_IsShared(objPtr)) {
        Tcl_Panic("%s called with shared object", "Tcl_SetByteArrayLength");
    }
    if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) {
        SetByteArrayFromAny(NULL, objPtr);
    }

    byteArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr);
    if (length > byteArrayPtr->allocated) {
        byteArrayPtr = (ByteArray *) ckrealloc(
                (char *) byteArrayPtr, BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length));
        byteArrayPtr->allocated = length;
        SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr);
    }
    Tcl_InvalidateStringRep(objPtr);
    byteArrayPtr->used = length;
    return byteArrayPtr->bytes;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * SetByteArrayFromAny --
 *
 *      Generate the ByteArray internal rep from the string rep.
 *
 * Results:
 *      The return value is always TCL_OK.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      A ByteArray object is stored as the internal rep of objPtr.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static int
SetByteArrayFromAny(
    Tcl_Interp *interp,         /* Not used. */
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr)            /* The object to convert to type ByteArray. */
{
    int length;
    char *src, *srcEnd;
    unsigned char *dst;
    ByteArray *byteArrayPtr;
    Tcl_UniChar ch;

    if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) {
        src = TclGetStringFromObj(objPtr, &length);
        srcEnd = src + length;

        byteArrayPtr = (ByteArray *) ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length));
        for (dst = byteArrayPtr->bytes; src < srcEnd; ) {
            src += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
            *dst++ = (unsigned char) ch;
        }

        byteArrayPtr->used = dst - byteArrayPtr->bytes;
        byteArrayPtr->allocated = length;

        TclFreeIntRep(objPtr);
        objPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType;
        SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr);
    }
    return TCL_OK;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * FreeByteArrayInternalRep --
 *
 *      Deallocate the storage associated with a ByteArray data object's
 *      internal representation.
 *
 * Results:
 *      None.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Frees memory.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
FreeByteArrayInternalRep(
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr)            /* Object with internal rep to free. */
{
    ckfree((char *) GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr));
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * DupByteArrayInternalRep --
 *
 *      Initialize the internal representation of a ByteArray Tcl_Obj to a
 *      copy of the internal representation of an existing ByteArray object.
 *
 * Results:
 *      None.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Allocates memory.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
DupByteArrayInternalRep(
    Tcl_Obj *srcPtr,            /* Object with internal rep to copy. */
    Tcl_Obj *copyPtr)           /* Object with internal rep to set. */
{
    int length;
    ByteArray *srcArrayPtr, *copyArrayPtr;

    srcArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(srcPtr);
    length = srcArrayPtr->used;

    copyArrayPtr = (ByteArray *) ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length));
    copyArrayPtr->used = length;
    copyArrayPtr->allocated = length;
    memcpy(copyArrayPtr->bytes, srcArrayPtr->bytes, (size_t) length);
    SET_BYTEARRAY(copyPtr, copyArrayPtr);

    copyPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * UpdateStringOfByteArray --
 *
 *      Update the string representation for a ByteArray data object. Note:
 *      This procedure does not invalidate an existing old string rep so
 *      storage will be lost if this has not already been done.
 *
 * Results:
 *      None.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      The object's string is set to a valid string that results from the
 *      ByteArray-to-string conversion.
 *
 *      The object becomes a string object -- the internal rep is discarded
 *      and the typePtr becomes NULL.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
UpdateStringOfByteArray(
    Tcl_Obj *objPtr)            /* ByteArray object whose string rep to
                                 * update. */
{
    int i, length, size;
    unsigned char *src;
    char *dst;
    ByteArray *byteArrayPtr;

    byteArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr);
    src = byteArrayPtr->bytes;
    length = byteArrayPtr->used;

    /*
     * How much space will string rep need?
     */

    size = length;
    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        if ((src[i] == 0) || (src[i] > 127)) {
            size++;
        }
    }

    dst = (char *) ckalloc((unsigned) (size + 1));
    objPtr->bytes = dst;
    objPtr->length = size;

    if (size == length) {
        memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) size);
        dst[size] = '\0';
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(src[i], dst);
        }
        *dst = '\0';
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_BinaryObjCmd --
 *
 *      This procedure implements the "binary" Tcl command.
 *
 * Results:
 *      A standard Tcl result.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      See the user documentation.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_BinaryObjCmd(
    ClientData dummy,           /* Not used. */
    Tcl_Interp *interp,         /* Current interpreter. */
    int objc,                   /* Number of arguments. */
    Tcl_Obj *const objv[])      /* Argument objects. */
{
    int arg;                    /* Index of next argument to consume. */
    int value = 0;              /* Current integer value to be packed.
                                 * Initialized to avoid compiler warning. */
    char cmd;                   /* Current format character. */
    int count;                  /* Count associated with current format
                                 * character. */
    int flags;                  /* Format field flags */
    char *format;               /* Pointer to current position in format
                                 * string. */
    Tcl_Obj *resultPtr = NULL;  /* Object holding result buffer. */
    unsigned char *buffer;      /* Start of result buffer. */
    unsigned char *cursor;      /* Current position within result buffer. */
    unsigned char *maxPos;      /* Greatest position within result buffer that
                                 * cursor has visited.*/
    const char *errorString;
    char *errorValue, *str;
    int offset, size, length, index;
    static const char *options[] = {
        "format",       "scan",         NULL
    };
    enum options {
        BINARY_FORMAT,  BINARY_SCAN
    };

    if (objc < 2) {
        Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "option ?arg arg ...?");
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }

    if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], options, "option", 0,
            &index) != TCL_OK) {
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }

    switch ((enum options) index) {
    case BINARY_FORMAT:
        if (objc < 3) {
            Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv, "formatString ?arg arg ...?");
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }

        /*
         * To avoid copying the data, we format the string in two passes. The
         * first pass computes the size of the output buffer. The second pass
         * places the formatted data into the buffer.
         */

        format = TclGetString(objv[2]);
        arg = 3;
        offset = 0;
        length = 0;
        while (*format != '\0') {
            str = format;
            flags = 0;
            if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (cmd) {
            case 'a':
            case 'A':
            case 'b':
            case 'B':
            case 'h':
            case 'H':
                /*
                 * For string-type specifiers, the count corresponds to the
                 * number of bytes in a single argument.
                 */

                if (arg >= objc) {
                    goto badIndex;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[arg], &count);
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                arg++;
                if (cmd == 'a' || cmd == 'A') {
                    offset += count;
                } else if (cmd == 'b' || cmd == 'B') {
                    offset += (count + 7) / 8;
                } else {
                    offset += (count + 1) / 2;
                }
                break;
            case 'c':
                size = 1;
                goto doNumbers;
            case 't':
            case 's':
            case 'S':
                size = 2;
                goto doNumbers;
            case 'n':
            case 'i':
            case 'I':
                size = 4;
                goto doNumbers;
            case 'm':
            case 'w':
            case 'W':
                size = 8;
                goto doNumbers;
            case 'r':
            case 'R':
            case 'f':
                size = sizeof(float);
                goto doNumbers;
            case 'q':
            case 'Q':
            case 'd':
                size = sizeof(double);

            doNumbers:
                if (arg >= objc) {
                    goto badIndex;
                }

                /*
                 * For number-type specifiers, the count corresponds to the
                 * number of elements in the list stored in a single argument.
                 * If no count is specified, then the argument is taken as a
                 * single non-list value.
                 */

                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    arg++;
                    count = 1;
                } else {
                    int listc;
                    Tcl_Obj **listv;

                    /* The macro evals its args more than once: avoid arg++ */              
                    if (TclListObjGetElements(interp, objv[arg], &listc,
                            &listv) != TCL_OK) {
                        return TCL_ERROR;
                    }
                    arg++;
                    
                    if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                        count = listc;
                    } else if (count > listc) {
                        Tcl_AppendResult(interp,
                                "number of elements in list does not match count",
                                NULL);
                        return TCL_ERROR;
                    }
                }
                offset += count*size;
                break;

            case 'x':
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    Tcl_AppendResult(interp,
                            "cannot use \"*\" in format string with \"x\"",
                            NULL);
                    return TCL_ERROR;
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                offset += count;
                break;
            case 'X':
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                if ((count > offset) || (count == BINARY_ALL)) {
                    count = offset;
                }
                if (offset > length) {
                    length = offset;
                }
                offset -= count;
                break;
            case '@':
                if (offset > length) {
                    length = offset;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    offset = length;
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    goto badCount;
                } else {
                    offset = count;
                }
                break;
            default:
                errorString = str;
                goto badField;
            }
        }
        if (offset > length) {
            length = offset;
        }
        if (length == 0) {
            return TCL_OK;
        }

        /*
         * Prepare the result object by preallocating the caclulated number of
         * bytes and filling with nulls.
         */

        resultPtr = Tcl_NewObj();
        buffer = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultPtr, length);
        memset(buffer, 0, (size_t) length);

        /*
         * Pack the data into the result object. Note that we can skip the
         * error checking during this pass, since we have already parsed the
         * string once.
         */

        arg = 3;
        format = TclGetString(objv[2]);
        cursor = buffer;
        maxPos = cursor;
        while (*format != 0) {
            flags = 0;
            if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) {
                break;
            }
            if ((count == 0) && (cmd != '@')) {
                if (cmd != 'x') {
                    arg++;
                }
                continue;
            }
            switch (cmd) {
            case 'a':
            case 'A': {
                char pad = (char) (cmd == 'a' ? '\0' : ' ');
                unsigned char *bytes;

                bytes = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[arg++], &length);

                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = length;
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                if (length >= count) {
                    memcpy(cursor, bytes, (size_t) count);
                } else {
                    memcpy(cursor, bytes, (size_t) length);
                    memset(cursor + length, pad, (size_t) (count - length));
                }
                cursor += count;
                break;
            }
            case 'b':
            case 'B': {
                unsigned char *last;

                str = TclGetStringFromObj(objv[arg], &length);
                arg++;
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = length;
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                last = cursor + ((count + 7) / 8);
                if (count > length) {
                    count = length;
                }
                value = 0;
                errorString = "binary";
                if (cmd == 'B') {
                    for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
                        value <<= 1;
                        if (str[offset] == '1') {
                            value |= 1;
                        } else if (str[offset] != '0') {
                            errorValue = str;
                            Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr);
                            goto badValue;
                        }
                        if (((offset + 1) % 8) == 0) {
                            *cursor++ = (unsigned char) value;
                            value = 0;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
                        value >>= 1;
                        if (str[offset] == '1') {
                            value |= 128;
                        } else if (str[offset] != '0') {
                            errorValue = str;
                            Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr);
                            goto badValue;
                        }
                        if (!((offset + 1) % 8)) {
                            *cursor++ = (unsigned char) value;
                            value = 0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ((offset % 8) != 0) {
                    if (cmd == 'B') {
                        value <<= 8 - (offset % 8);
                    } else {
                        value >>= 8 - (offset % 8);
                    }
                    *cursor++ = (unsigned char) value;
                }
                while (cursor < last) {
                    *cursor++ = '\0';
                }
                break;
            }
            case 'h':
            case 'H': {
                unsigned char *last;
                int c;

                str = TclGetStringFromObj(objv[arg], &length);
                arg++;
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = length;
                } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                last = cursor + ((count + 1) / 2);
                if (count > length) {
                    count = length;
                }
                value = 0;
                errorString = "hexadecimal";
                if (cmd == 'H') {
                    for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
                        value <<= 4;
                        if (!isxdigit(UCHAR(str[offset]))) { /* INTL: digit */
                            errorValue = str;
                            Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr);
                            goto badValue;
                        }
                        c = str[offset] - '0';
                        if (c > 9) {
                            c += ('0' - 'A') + 10;
                        }
                        if (c > 16) {
                            c += ('A' - 'a');
                        }
                        value |= (c & 0xf);
                        if (offset % 2) {
                            *cursor++ = (char) value;
                            value = 0;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
                        value >>= 4;

                        if (!isxdigit(UCHAR(str[offset]))) { /* INTL: digit */
                            errorValue = str;
                            Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr);
                            goto badValue;
                        }
                        c = str[offset] - '0';
                        if (c > 9) {
                            c += ('0' - 'A') + 10;
                        }
                        if (c > 16) {
                            c += ('A' - 'a');
                        }
                        value |= ((c << 4) & 0xf0);
                        if (offset % 2) {
                            *cursor++ = (unsigned char)(value & 0xff);
                            value = 0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (offset % 2) {
                    if (cmd == 'H') {
                        value <<= 4;
                    } else {
                        value >>= 4;
                    }
                    *cursor++ = (unsigned char) value;
                }

                while (cursor < last) {
                    *cursor++ = '\0';
                }
                break;
            }
            case 'c':
            case 't':
            case 's':
            case 'S':
            case 'n':
            case 'i':
            case 'I':
            case 'm':
            case 'w':
            case 'W':
            case 'r':
            case 'R':
            case 'd':
            case 'q':
            case 'Q':
            case 'f': {
                int listc, i;
                Tcl_Obj **listv;

                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    /*
                     * Note that we are casting away the const-ness of objv,
                     * but this is safe since we aren't going to modify the
                     * array.
                     */

                    listv = (Tcl_Obj**)(objv + arg);
                    listc = 1;
                    count = 1;
                } else {
                    TclListObjGetElements(interp, objv[arg], &listc, &listv);
                    if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                        count = listc;
                    }
                }
                arg++;
                for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    if (FormatNumber(interp, cmd, listv[i], &cursor)!=TCL_OK) {
                        Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr);
                        return TCL_ERROR;
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
            case 'x':
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                memset(cursor, 0, (size_t) count);
                cursor += count;
                break;
            case 'X':
                if (cursor > maxPos) {
                    maxPos = cursor;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > (cursor - buffer))) {
                    cursor = buffer;
                } else {
                    cursor -= count;
                }
                break;
            case '@':
                if (cursor > maxPos) {
                    maxPos = cursor;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    cursor = maxPos;
                } else {
                    cursor = buffer + count;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultPtr);
        break;
    case BINARY_SCAN: {
        int i;
        Tcl_Obj *valuePtr, *elementPtr;
        Tcl_HashTable numberCacheHash;
        Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr;

        if (objc < 4) {
            Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv,
                    "value formatString ?varName varName ...?");
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        numberCachePtr = &numberCacheHash;
        Tcl_InitHashTable(numberCachePtr, TCL_ONE_WORD_KEYS);
        buffer = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[2], &length);
        format = TclGetString(objv[3]);
        cursor = buffer;
        arg = 4;
        offset = 0;
        while (*format != '\0') {
            str = format;
            flags = 0;
            if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) {
                goto done;
            }
            switch (cmd) {
            case 'a':
            case 'A': {
                unsigned char *src;

                if (arg >= objc) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    goto badIndex;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = length - offset;
                } else {
                    if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                        count = 1;
                    }
                    if (count > (length - offset)) {
                        goto done;
                    }
                }

                src = buffer + offset;
                size = count;

                /*
                 * Trim trailing nulls and spaces, if necessary.
                 */

                if (cmd == 'A') {
                    while (size > 0) {
                        if (src[size-1] != '\0' && src[size-1] != ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                        size--;
                    }
                }

                /*
                 * Have to do this #ifdef-fery because (as part of defining
                 * Tcl_NewByteArrayObj) we removed the #def that hides this
                 * stuff normally. If this code ever gets copied to another
                 * file, it should be changed back to the simpler version.
                 */

#ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG
                valuePtr = Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(src, size, __FILE__,__LINE__);
#else
                valuePtr = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(src, size);
#endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */

                resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr,
                        TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
                arg++;
                if (resultPtr == NULL) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    return TCL_ERROR;
                }
                offset += count;
                break;
            }
            case 'b':
            case 'B': {
                unsigned char *src;
                char *dest;

                if (arg >= objc) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    goto badIndex;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = (length - offset) * 8;
                } else {
                    if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                        count = 1;
                    }
                    if (count > (length - offset) * 8) {
                        goto done;
                    }
                }
                src = buffer + offset;
                valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj();
                Tcl_SetObjLength(valuePtr, count);
                dest = TclGetString(valuePtr);

                if (cmd == 'b') {
                    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        if (i % 8) {
                            value >>= 1;
                        } else {
                            value = *src++;
                        }
                        *dest++ = (char) ((value & 1) ? '1' : '0');
                    }
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        if (i % 8) {
                            value <<= 1;
                        } else {
                            value = *src++;
                        }
                        *dest++ = (char) ((value & 0x80) ? '1' : '0');
                    }
                }

                resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr,
                        TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
                arg++;
                if (resultPtr == NULL) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    return TCL_ERROR;
                }
                offset += (count + 7) / 8;
                break;
            }
            case 'h':
            case 'H': {
                char *dest;
                unsigned char *src;
                int i;
                static const char hexdigit[] = "0123456789abcdef";

                if (arg >= objc) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    goto badIndex;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                    count = (length - offset)*2;
                } else {
                    if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                        count = 1;
                    }
                    if (count > (length - offset)*2) {
                        goto done;
                    }
                }
                src = buffer + offset;
                valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj();
                Tcl_SetObjLength(valuePtr, count);
                dest = TclGetString(valuePtr);

                if (cmd == 'h') {
                    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        if (i % 2) {
                            value >>= 4;
                        } else {
                            value = *src++;
                        }
                        *dest++ = hexdigit[value & 0xf];
                    }
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        if (i % 2) {
                            value <<= 4;
                        } else {
                            value = *src++;
                        }
                        *dest++ = hexdigit[(value >> 4) & 0xf];
                    }
                }

                resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr,
                        TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
                arg++;
                if (resultPtr == NULL) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    return TCL_ERROR;
                }
                offset += (count + 1) / 2;
                break;
            }
            case 'c':
                size = 1;
                goto scanNumber;
            case 't':
            case 's':
            case 'S':
                size = 2;
                goto scanNumber;
            case 'n':
            case 'i':
            case 'I':
                size = 4;
                goto scanNumber;
            case 'm':
            case 'w':
            case 'W':
                size = 8;
                goto scanNumber;
            case 'r':
            case 'R':
            case 'f':
                size = sizeof(float);
                goto scanNumber;
            case 'q':
            case 'Q':
            case 'd': {
                unsigned char *src;

                size = sizeof(double);
                /* fall through */

            scanNumber:
                if (arg >= objc) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    goto badIndex;
                }
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    if ((length - offset) < size) {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    valuePtr = ScanNumber(buffer+offset, cmd, flags,
                            &numberCachePtr);
                    offset += size;
                } else {
                    if (count == BINARY_ALL) {
                        count = (length - offset) / size;
                    }
                    if ((length - offset) < (count * size)) {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj();
                    src = buffer+offset;
                    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        elementPtr = ScanNumber(src, cmd, flags,
                                &numberCachePtr);
                        src += size;
                        Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(NULL, valuePtr, elementPtr);
                    }
                    offset += count*size;
                }

                resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr,
                        TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
                arg++;
                if (resultPtr == NULL) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    return TCL_ERROR;
                }
                break;
            }
            case 'x':
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > (length - offset))) {
                    offset = length;
                } else {
                    offset += count;
                }
                break;
            case 'X':
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    count = 1;
                }
                if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > offset)) {
                    offset = 0;
                } else {
                    offset -= count;
                }
                break;
            case '@':
                if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) {
                    DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                    goto badCount;
                }
                if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > length)) {
                    offset = length;
                } else {
                    offset = count;
                }
                break;
            default:
                DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
                errorString = str;
                goto badField;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Set the result to the last position of the cursor.
         */

    done:
        Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewLongObj(arg - 4));
        DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr);
        break;
    }
    }
    return TCL_OK;

  badValue:
    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "expected ", errorString,
            " string but got \"", errorValue, "\" instead", NULL);
    return TCL_ERROR;

  badCount:
    errorString = "missing count for \"@\" field specifier";
    goto error;

  badIndex:
    errorString = "not enough arguments for all format specifiers";
    goto error;

  badField:
    {
        Tcl_UniChar ch;
        char buf[TCL_UTF_MAX + 1];

        Tcl_UtfToUniChar(errorString, &ch);
        buf[Tcl_UniCharToUtf(ch, buf)] = '\0';
        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "bad field specifier \"", buf, "\"", NULL);
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }

  error:
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, errorString, NULL);
    return TCL_ERROR;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * GetFormatSpec --
 *
 *      This function parses the format strings used in the binary format and
 *      scan commands.
 *
 * Results:
 *      Moves the formatPtr to the start of the next command. Returns the
 *      current command character and count in cmdPtr and countPtr. The count
 *      is set to BINARY_ALL if the count character was '*' or BINARY_NOCOUNT
 *      if no count was specified. Returns 1 on success, or 0 if the string
 *      did not have a format specifier.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static int
GetFormatSpec(
    char **formatPtr,           /* Pointer to format string. */
    char *cmdPtr,               /* Pointer to location of command char. */
    int *countPtr,              /* Pointer to repeat count value. */
    int *flagsPtr)              /* Pointer to field flags */
{
    /*
     * Skip any leading blanks.
     */

    while (**formatPtr == ' ') {
        (*formatPtr)++;
    }

    /*
     * The string was empty, except for whitespace, so fail.
     */

    if (!(**formatPtr)) {
        return 0;
    }

    /*
     * Extract the command character and any trailing digits or '*'.
     */

    *cmdPtr = **formatPtr;
    (*formatPtr)++;
    if (**formatPtr == 'u') {
        (*formatPtr)++;
        (*flagsPtr) |= BINARY_UNSIGNED;
    }
    if (**formatPtr == '*') {
        (*formatPtr)++;
        (*countPtr) = BINARY_ALL;
    } else if (isdigit(UCHAR(**formatPtr))) { /* INTL: digit */
        (*countPtr) = strtoul(*formatPtr, formatPtr, 10);
    } else {
        (*countPtr) = BINARY_NOCOUNT;
    }
    return 1;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * NeedReversing --
 *
 *      This routine determines, if bytes of a number need to be re-ordered,
 *      and returns a numeric code indicating the re-ordering to be done.
 *      This depends on the endiannes of the machine and the desired format.
 *      It is in effect a table (whose contents depend on the endianness of
 *      the system) describing whether a value needs reversing or not. Anyone
 *      porting the code to a big-endian platform should take care to make
 *      sure that they define WORDS_BIGENDIAN though this is already done by
 *      configure for the Unix build; little-endian platforms (including
 *      Windows) don't need to do anything.
 *
 * Results:
 *      0       No re-ordering needed.
 *      1       Reverse the bytes:      01234567 <-> 76543210 (little to big)
 *      2       Apply this re-ordering: 01234567 <-> 45670123 (Nokia to little)
 *      3       Apply this re-ordering: 01234567 <-> 32107654 (Nokia to big)
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      None
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static int
NeedReversing(
    int format)
{
    switch (format) {
        /* native floats and doubles: never reverse */
    case 'd':
    case 'f':
        /* big endian ints: never reverse */
    case 'I':
    case 'S':
    case 'W':
#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
        /* native ints: reverse if we're little-endian */
    case 'n':
    case 't':
    case 'm':
        /* f: reverse if we're little-endian */
    case 'Q':
    case 'R':
#else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
        /* small endian floats: reverse if we're big-endian */
    case 'r':
#endif /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
        return 0;

#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
        /* small endian floats: reverse if we're big-endian */
    case 'q':
    case 'r':
#else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
        /* native ints: reverse if we're little-endian */
    case 'n':
    case 't':
    case 'm':
        /* f: reverse if we're little-endian */
    case 'R':
#endif /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
        /* small endian ints: always reverse */
    case 'i':
    case 's':
    case 'w':
        return 1;

#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
    /*
     * The Q and q formats need special handling to account for the unusual
     * byte ordering of 8-byte floats on Nokia 770 systems, which claim to be
     * little-endian, but also reverse word order.
     */

    case 'Q':
        if (TclNokia770Doubles()) {
            return 3;
        }
        return 1;
    case 'q':
        if (TclNokia770Doubles()) {
            return 2;
        }
        return 0;
#endif
    }

    Tcl_Panic("unexpected fallthrough");
    return 0;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * CopyNumber --
 *
 *      This routine is called by FormatNumber and ScanNumber to copy a
 *      floating-point number. If required, bytes are reversed while copying.
 *      The behaviour is only fully defined when used with IEEE float and
 *      double values (guaranteed to be 4 and 8 bytes long, respectively.)
 *
 * Results:
 *      None
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Copies length bytes
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
CopyNumber(
    const void *from,           /* source */
    void *to,                   /* destination */
    unsigned int length,        /* Number of bytes to copy */
    int type)                   /* What type of thing are we copying? */
{
    switch (NeedReversing(type)) {
    case 0: 
        memcpy(to, from, length);
        break;
    case 1: {
        const unsigned char *fromPtr = from;
        unsigned char *toPtr = to;

        switch (length) {
        case 4:
            toPtr[0] = fromPtr[3];
            toPtr[1] = fromPtr[2];
            toPtr[2] = fromPtr[1];
            toPtr[3] = fromPtr[0];
            break;
        case 8:
            toPtr[0] = fromPtr[7];
            toPtr[1] = fromPtr[6];
            toPtr[2] = fromPtr[5];
            toPtr[3] = fromPtr[4];
            toPtr[4] = fromPtr[3];
            toPtr[5] = fromPtr[2];
            toPtr[6] = fromPtr[1];
            toPtr[7] = fromPtr[0];
            break;
        }
        break;
    }
    case 2: {
        const unsigned char *fromPtr = from;
        unsigned char *toPtr = to;

        toPtr[0] = fromPtr[4];
        toPtr[1] = fromPtr[5];
        toPtr[2] = fromPtr[6];
        toPtr[3] = fromPtr[7];
        toPtr[4] = fromPtr[0];
        toPtr[5] = fromPtr[1];
        toPtr[6] = fromPtr[2];
        toPtr[7] = fromPtr[3];
        break;
    }
    case 3: {
        const unsigned char *fromPtr = from;
        unsigned char *toPtr = to;

        toPtr[0] = fromPtr[3];
        toPtr[1] = fromPtr[2];
        toPtr[2] = fromPtr[1];
        toPtr[3] = fromPtr[0];
        toPtr[4] = fromPtr[7];
        toPtr[5] = fromPtr[6];
        toPtr[6] = fromPtr[5];
        toPtr[7] = fromPtr[4];
        break;
    }
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * FormatNumber --
 *
 *      This routine is called by Tcl_BinaryObjCmd to format a number into a
 *      location pointed at by cursor.
 *
 * Results:
 *      A standard Tcl result.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Moves the cursor to the next location to be written into.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static int
FormatNumber(
    Tcl_Interp *interp,         /* Current interpreter, used to report
                                 * errors. */
    int type,                   /* Type of number to format. */
    Tcl_Obj *src,               /* Number to format. */
    unsigned char **cursorPtr)  /* Pointer to index into destination buffer. */
{
    long value;
    double dvalue;
    Tcl_WideInt wvalue;
    float fvalue;

    switch (type) {
    case 'd':
    case 'q':
    case 'Q':
        /*
         * Double-precision floating point values. Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj
         * returns TCL_ERROR for NaN, but we can check by comparing the
         * object's type pointer.
         */

        if (Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(interp, src, &dvalue) != TCL_OK) {
            if (src->typePtr != &tclDoubleType) {
                return TCL_ERROR;
            }
            dvalue = src->internalRep.doubleValue;
        }
        CopyNumber(&dvalue, *cursorPtr, sizeof(double), type);
        *cursorPtr += sizeof(double);
        return TCL_OK;

    case 'f':
    case 'r':
    case 'R':
        /*
         * Single-precision floating point values. Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj
         * returns TCL_ERROR for NaN, but we can check by comparing the
         * object's type pointer.
         */

        if (Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(interp, src, &dvalue) != TCL_OK) {
            if (src->typePtr != &tclDoubleType) {
                return TCL_ERROR;
            }
            dvalue = src->internalRep.doubleValue;
        }

        /*
         * Because some compilers will generate floating point exceptions on
         * an overflow cast (e.g. Borland), we restrict the values to the
         * valid range for float.
         */

        if (fabs(dvalue) > (double)FLT_MAX) {
            fvalue = (dvalue >= 0.0) ? FLT_MAX : -FLT_MAX;
        } else {
            fvalue = (float) dvalue;
        }
        CopyNumber(&fvalue, *cursorPtr, sizeof(float), type);
        *cursorPtr += sizeof(float);
        return TCL_OK;

        /*
         * 64-bit integer values.
         */
    case 'w':
    case 'W':
    case 'm':
        if (Tcl_GetWideIntFromObj(interp, src, &wvalue) != TCL_OK) {
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) wvalue;
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 8);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 16);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 24);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 32);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 40);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 48);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 56);
        } else {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 56);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 48);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 40);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 32);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 24);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 16);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (wvalue >> 8);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) wvalue;
        }
        return TCL_OK;

        /*
         * 32-bit integer values.
         */
    case 'i':
    case 'I':
    case 'n':
        if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) {
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) value;
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 8);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 16);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 24);
        } else {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 24);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 16);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 8);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) value;
        }
        return TCL_OK;

        /*
         * 16-bit integer values.
         */
    case 's':
    case 'S':
    case 't':
        if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) {
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) value;
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 8);
        } else {
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) (value >> 8);
            *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) value;
        }
        return TCL_OK;

        /*
         * 8-bit integer values.
         */
    case 'c':
        if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) {
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        *(*cursorPtr)++ = (unsigned char) value;
        return TCL_OK;

    default:
        Tcl_Panic("unexpected fallthrough");
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * ScanNumber --
 *
 *      This routine is called by Tcl_BinaryObjCmd to scan a number out of a
 *      buffer.
 *
 * Results:
 *      Returns a newly created object containing the scanned number. This
 *      object has a ref count of zero.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Might reuse an object in the number cache, place a new object in the
 *      cache, or delete the cache and set the reference to it (itself passed
 *      in by reference) to NULL.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static Tcl_Obj *
ScanNumber(
    unsigned char *buffer,      /* Buffer to scan number from. */
    int type,                   /* Format character from "binary scan" */
    int flags,                  /* Format field flags */
    Tcl_HashTable **numberCachePtrPtr)
                                /* Place to look for cache of scanned
                                 * value objects, or NULL if too many
                                 * different numbers have been scanned. */
{
    long value;
    float fvalue;
    double dvalue;
    Tcl_WideUInt uwvalue;

    /*
     * We cannot rely on the compiler to properly sign extend integer values
     * when we cast from smaller values to larger values because we don't know
     * the exact size of the integer types. So, we have to handle sign
     * extension explicitly by checking the high bit and padding with 1's as
     * needed. This practice is disabled if the BINARY_UNSIGNED flag is set.
     */

    switch (type) {
    case 'c':
        /*
         * Characters need special handling. We want to produce a signed
         * result, but on some platforms (such as AIX) chars are unsigned. To
         * deal with this, check for a value that should be negative but
         * isn't.
         */

        value = buffer[0];
        if (!(flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED)) {
            if (value & 0x80) {
                value |= -0x100;
            }
        }
        goto returnNumericObject;

        /*
         * 16-bit numeric values. We need the sign extension trick (see above)
         * here as well.
         */

    case 's':
    case 'S':
    case 't':
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            value = (long) (buffer[0] + (buffer[1] << 8));
        } else {
            value = (long) (buffer[1] + (buffer[0] << 8));
        }
        if (!(flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED)) {
            if (value & 0x8000) {
                value |= -0x10000;
            }
        }
        goto returnNumericObject;

        /*
         * 32-bit numeric values.
         */

    case 'i':
    case 'I':
    case 'n':
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            value = (long) (buffer[0]
                    + (buffer[1] << 8)
                    + (buffer[2] << 16)
                    + (((long)buffer[3]) << 24));
        } else {
            value = (long) (buffer[3]
                    + (buffer[2] << 8)
                    + (buffer[1] << 16)
                    + (((long)buffer[0]) << 24));
        }

        /*
         * Check to see if the value was sign extended properly on systems
         * where an int is more than 32-bits.
         * We avoid caching unsigned integers as we cannot distinguish between
         * 32bit signed and unsigned in the hash (short and char are ok).
         */

        if (flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED) {
            return Tcl_NewWideIntObj((Tcl_WideInt)(unsigned long)value);
        }
        if ((value & (((unsigned int)1)<<31)) && (value > 0)) {
            value -= (((unsigned int)1)<<31);
            value -= (((unsigned int)1)<<31);
        }

    returnNumericObject:
        if (*numberCachePtrPtr == NULL) {
            return Tcl_NewLongObj(value);
        } else {
            register Tcl_HashTable *tablePtr = *numberCachePtrPtr;
            register Tcl_HashEntry *hPtr;
            int isNew;

            hPtr = Tcl_CreateHashEntry(tablePtr, (char *)value, &isNew);
            if (!isNew) {
                return (Tcl_Obj *) Tcl_GetHashValue(hPtr);
            }
            if (tablePtr->numEntries <= BINARY_SCAN_MAX_CACHE) {
                register Tcl_Obj *objPtr = Tcl_NewLongObj(value);

                Tcl_IncrRefCount(objPtr);
                Tcl_SetHashValue(hPtr, (ClientData) objPtr);
                return objPtr;
            }

            /*
             * We've overflowed the cache! Someone's parsing a LOT of varied
             * binary data in a single call! Bail out by switching back to the
             * old behaviour for the rest of the scan.
             *
             * Note that anyone just using the 'c' conversion (for bytes)
             * cannot trigger this.
             */

            DeleteScanNumberCache(tablePtr);
            *numberCachePtrPtr = NULL;
            return Tcl_NewLongObj(value);
        }

        /*
         * Do not cache wide (64-bit) values; they are already too large to
         * use as keys.
         */

    case 'w':
    case 'W':
    case 'm':
        if (NeedReversing(type)) {
            uwvalue = ((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[0])
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[1]) << 8)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[2]) << 16)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[3]) << 24)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[4]) << 32)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[5]) << 40)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[6]) << 48)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[7]) << 56);
        } else {
            uwvalue = ((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[7])
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[6]) << 8)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[5]) << 16)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[4]) << 24)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[3]) << 32)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[2]) << 40)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[1]) << 48)
                    | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[0]) << 56);
        }
        if (flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED) {
            Tcl_Obj *bigObj = NULL;
            mp_int big;

            TclBNInitBignumFromWideUInt(&big, uwvalue);
            bigObj = Tcl_NewBignumObj(&big);
            return bigObj;
        }
        return Tcl_NewWideIntObj((Tcl_WideInt) uwvalue);

        /*
         * Do not cache double values; they are already too large to use as
         * keys and the values stored are utterly incompatible with the
         * integer part of the cache.
         */

        /*
         * 32-bit IEEE single-precision floating point.
         */

    case 'f':
    case 'R':
    case 'r':
        CopyNumber(buffer, &fvalue, sizeof(float), type);
        return Tcl_NewDoubleObj(fvalue);

        /*
         * 64-bit IEEE double-precision floating point.
         */

    case 'd':
    case 'Q':
    case 'q':
        CopyNumber(buffer, &dvalue, sizeof(double), type);
        return Tcl_NewDoubleObj(dvalue);
    }
    return NULL;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * DeleteScanNumberCache --
 *
 *      Deletes the hash table acting as a scan number cache.
 *
 * Results:
 *      None
 *
 * Side effects:
 *      Decrements the reference counts of the objects in the cache.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
DeleteScanNumberCache(
    Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr)
                                /* Pointer to the hash table, or NULL (when
                                 * the cache has already been deleted due to
                                 * overflow.) */
{
    Tcl_HashEntry *hEntry;
    Tcl_HashSearch search;

    if (numberCachePtr == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    hEntry = Tcl_FirstHashEntry(numberCachePtr, &search);
    while (hEntry != NULL) {
        register Tcl_Obj *value = Tcl_GetHashValue(hEntry);

        if (value != NULL) {
            Tcl_DecrRefCount(value);
        }
        hEntry = Tcl_NextHashEntry(&search);
    }
    Tcl_DeleteHashTable(numberCachePtr);
}

/*
 * Local Variables:
 * mode: c
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * fill-column: 78
 * End:
 */