1 | /* |
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2 | * ORXONOX - the hottest 3D action shooter ever to exist |
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3 | * > www.orxonox.net < |
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4 | * |
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5 | * |
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6 | * License notice: |
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7 | * |
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8 | * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
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9 | * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License |
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10 | * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 |
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11 | * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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12 | * |
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13 | * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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14 | * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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15 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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16 | * GNU General Public License for more details. |
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17 | * |
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18 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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19 | * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
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20 | * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. |
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21 | * |
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22 | * Author: |
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23 | * Benjamin Grauer |
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24 | * Fabian 'x3n' Landau |
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25 | * Co-authors: |
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26 | * ... |
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27 | */ |
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28 | |
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29 | /*! |
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30 | @file Convert.h |
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31 | @brief Definition and Implementation of the Convert class. |
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32 | */ |
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33 | |
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34 | #ifndef _Convert_H__ |
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35 | #define _Convert_H__ |
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36 | |
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37 | #include "UtilPrereqs.h" |
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38 | |
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39 | #include <string> |
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40 | #include <sstream> |
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41 | |
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42 | #include "Math.h" |
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43 | #include "Debug.h" |
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44 | |
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45 | // Gcc generates warnings when implicitely casting from float to int for instance. |
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46 | // This is however exactly what convertValue does, so we need to suppress the warnings. |
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47 | // They only occur in when using the ImplicitConversion template. |
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48 | #if ORXONOX_COMPILER == ORXONOX_COMPILER_GCC |
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49 | # pragma GCC system_header |
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50 | #endif |
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51 | |
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52 | /////////////////////////////////// |
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53 | // Explicit Conversion Functions // |
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54 | /////////////////////////////////// |
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55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | /////////////////////////////////////////////// |
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58 | // Static detection for conversion functions // |
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59 | /////////////////////////////////////////////// |
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60 | |
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61 | /* The idea to use the sizeof() operator on return functions to determine function existance |
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62 | is described in 'Moder C++ design' by Alexandrescu (2001). */ |
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63 | |
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64 | namespace conversionTests |
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65 | { |
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66 | // A struct that is guaranteed to be larger than any return type of our conversion functions. |
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67 | // So we simply add all the sizes of the return types plus a little bit more. |
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68 | struct VeryBigStruct |
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69 | { |
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70 | char intSize[sizeof(int)]; |
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71 | char issSize[sizeof(std::istringstream)]; |
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72 | char ossSize[sizeof(std::ostringstream)]; |
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73 | char boolSize[sizeof(bool)]; |
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74 | char addingMore[4096]; // just to be sure ;) |
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75 | }; |
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76 | } |
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77 | |
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78 | namespace separate_namespace |
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79 | { |
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80 | // We want to keep the templates for the convert functions out of global namespace so that there |
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81 | // are no ambiguities. These templates are never used anyway, they only serve to detect whether |
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82 | // there is a global funciton for a specific conversion or not. |
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83 | // Now why not putting this in namespace 'conversionTests'? |
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84 | // I can not tell for sure, but I think there is a bug in msvc 8. It chooses this general template |
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85 | // (if it was in 'conversionTests') over a better fitting function in global namespace. |
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86 | // The solution is to use another namespace and then apply the 'using' directive in 'conversionTests'. |
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87 | // Unfortunately there is a (somewhat documented) bug in msvc 8 that exposes namespace members |
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88 | // globally when applying the 'using' directive in a namespace. And it so happens that the bug is |
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89 | // triggered in this file. This unwanted global exposure hopefully doesn't cause ambiguities. |
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90 | template <class AnyToType, class AnyFromType> |
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91 | conversionTests::VeryBigStruct explicitConversion(AnyToType* output, const AnyFromType input) |
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92 | { |
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93 | // We have to make sure noboy uses it , so a good compiler error would be nice. |
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94 | *output = (AnyToType)input; // Do not use this function! |
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95 | // gcc does some syntax checking anyway. So return a correct value that is not a temporary. |
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96 | return *(new conversionTests::VeryBigStruct()); |
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97 | } |
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98 | } |
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99 | |
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100 | namespace conversionTests |
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101 | { |
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102 | // Part of the msvc hack. See above in the namespace for more explanations. |
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103 | using namespace separate_namespace; |
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104 | |
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105 | // These operators simply accept anything but have lower priority than specialisations |
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106 | // or exact-match non-template functions. |
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107 | // They can be identified by the larger return value. |
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108 | // We put these in a seperate namespace to avoid conflicts with ambiguities. |
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109 | template <class Any> |
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110 | conversionTests::VeryBigStruct operator<<(std::ostream& outstream, const Any anything); |
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111 | template <class Any> |
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112 | conversionTests::VeryBigStruct operator>>(std::istream& instream, const Any anything); |
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113 | |
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114 | template <class FromType, class ToType> |
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115 | class ImplicitConversion |
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116 | { |
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117 | private: |
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118 | ImplicitConversion(); ImplicitConversion(const ImplicitConversion&); ~ImplicitConversion(); |
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119 | // Gets chosen only if there is an implicit conversion from FromType to ToType. |
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120 | static int test(ToType); |
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121 | // Accepts any argument. Why do we not use a template? The reason is that with templates, |
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122 | // the function above is only taken iff it is an exact type match. But since we want to |
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123 | // check for implicit conversion, we have to use the ellipsis. |
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124 | static VeryBigStruct test(...); |
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125 | static FromType object; // helper object to handle private c'tor and d'tor |
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126 | public: |
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127 | // test(object) has only 'VerySmallStruct' return type iff the compiler doesn't choose test(...) |
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128 | enum { exists = !(sizeof(test(object)) == sizeof(VeryBigStruct)) }; |
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129 | }; |
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130 | |
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131 | template <class FromType, class ToType> |
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132 | class ExplicitConversion |
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133 | { |
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134 | private: |
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135 | ExplicitConversion(); ExplicitConversion(const ExplicitConversion&); ~ExplicitConversion(); |
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136 | static FromType objectFromType; // helper object to handle private c'tor and d'tor |
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137 | static ToType objectToType; // helper object to handle private c'tor and d'tor |
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138 | public: |
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139 | enum { exists = !(sizeof(explicitConversion(&objectToType, objectFromType)) == sizeof(VeryBigStruct)) }; |
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140 | }; |
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141 | |
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142 | template <class Type> |
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143 | class IStringStreamOperator |
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144 | { |
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145 | IStringStreamOperator(); IStringStreamOperator(const IStringStreamOperator&); ~IStringStreamOperator(); |
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146 | static std::istringstream istream_; // helper object to perform the '>>' operation |
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147 | static Type object; // helper object to handle private c'tor and d'tor |
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148 | public: |
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149 | enum { exists = !(sizeof(istream_ >> object) == sizeof(VeryBigStruct)) }; |
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150 | }; |
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151 | |
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152 | template <class Type> |
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153 | class OStringStreamOperator |
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154 | { |
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155 | OStringStreamOperator(); OStringStreamOperator(const OStringStreamOperator&); ~OStringStreamOperator(); |
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156 | static std::ostringstream ostream_; // helper object to perform the '<<' operation |
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157 | static Type object; // helper object to handle private c'tor and d'tor |
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158 | public: |
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159 | enum { exists = !(sizeof(ostream_ << object) == sizeof(VeryBigStruct)) }; |
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160 | }; |
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161 | } |
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162 | |
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163 | /* Shortcuts because we usually don't have a namespace in util/ but need one here for the conversion tests*/ |
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164 | |
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165 | /** |
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166 | @brief |
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167 | Checks for an implicit conversion FromType --> TyType. |
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168 | This also works for user defined conversion operators. |
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169 | Usage: ImplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists |
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170 | */ |
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171 | template <class FromType, class ToType> |
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172 | struct ImplicitConversion |
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173 | { enum { exists = conversionTests::ImplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists }; }; |
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174 | |
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175 | /** |
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176 | @brief |
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177 | Checks for an explicit conversion FromType --> TyType via 'explicConversion()' function. |
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178 | There has to e an exact type match for a success! |
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179 | Usage: ExplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists |
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180 | */ |
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181 | template <class FromType, class ToType> |
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182 | struct ExplicitConversion |
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183 | { enum { exists = conversionTests::ExplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists }; }; |
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184 | |
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185 | /** |
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186 | @brief |
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187 | Checks for an explicit conversion std::string --> TyType via >> operator. |
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188 | There has to e an exact type match for a success! |
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189 | Usage: IStringStreamConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists |
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190 | */ |
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191 | template <class Type> |
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192 | struct IStringStreamOperator |
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193 | { enum { exists = conversionTests::IStringStreamOperator<Type>::exists }; }; |
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194 | |
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195 | /** |
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196 | @brief |
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197 | Checks for an explicit conversion std::string --> TyType via << operator. |
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198 | There has to e an exact type match for a success! |
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199 | Usage: OStringStreamConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists |
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200 | */ |
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201 | template <class Type> |
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202 | struct OStringStreamOperator |
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203 | { enum { exists = conversionTests::OStringStreamOperator<Type>::exists }; }; |
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204 | |
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205 | |
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206 | |
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207 | //////////////////////////////////// |
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208 | //// ACTUAL CONVERSION SEQUENCE //// |
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209 | //////////////////////////////////// |
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210 | /* |
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211 | There is a distinct priority when choosing the right conversion function: |
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212 | Overwrites: |
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213 | 1. (Partial) template specialisation of ConverterExplicit::convert |
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214 | 2. Global functions explicitConversion(ToType* output, const FromType input) |
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215 | Fallbacks: |
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216 | 3. Any possible implicit conversion. This includes FooBar --> int if FooBar defines operator float(). |
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217 | 4. Global or member operators for stringstream when converting from or to std::string (or FROM const char*) |
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218 | 5. Function that simply displays "Could not convert value" with information obtained from typeid(). |
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219 | |
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220 | A note: There has to be an exact type match (or according to the rules of template spec.) except for 3. |
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221 | |
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222 | There are obviously a lot of ways to specifiy a user defined conversion. What should I use? |
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223 | When using any non-template function based conversion (implicit conversion, explicitConversion, << or >>) |
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224 | then you should consider that this function has to be defined prior to including this file. |
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225 | If you do not whish do do that, you will have to spcecialsize the ConverterExplicit template. |
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226 | There is a not so obvious advantage of the other way (non-template): You could declare each conversion function |
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227 | in the Prereqs file of the corresponding library. Then you can use the conversion everywhere. |
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228 | This is not possible with template specialisations even when defining them in this file (You would create |
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229 | a circular dependency when using a class from Core for instance, because complete template specialisations |
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230 | get compiled anyway (there is no template parameter)). |
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231 | */ |
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232 | |
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233 | // Put everything in a namespace to avoid unnecessary exposure |
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234 | // Note that the textual order of the functions is in reverse. |
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235 | namespace conversion |
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236 | { |
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237 | // Maps bools to types in order to use function overloading instead of template specialisation (Alexandrescu 2001) |
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238 | template <bool WhetherOrNot> |
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239 | struct ImplicitPossible { }; |
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240 | template <bool WhetherOrNot> |
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241 | struct ExplicitPossible { }; |
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242 | template <bool WhetherOrNot> |
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243 | struct StringStreamPossible { }; |
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244 | |
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245 | |
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246 | /////////////////// |
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247 | // No Conversion // |
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248 | /////////////////// |
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249 | |
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250 | // Default template, no Conversion possible |
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251 | template <class ToType, class FromType, int Dummy> |
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252 | struct ConverterSS |
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253 | { |
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254 | static bool convert(ToType* output, FromType input) |
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255 | { |
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256 | COUT(2) << "Could not convert value of type " << typeid(FromType).name() |
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257 | << " to type " << typeid(ToType).name() << std::endl; |
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258 | return false; |
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259 | } |
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260 | }; |
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261 | |
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262 | |
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263 | /////////////////// |
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264 | // OStringStream // |
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265 | /////////////////// |
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266 | |
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267 | // Conversion via ostringstream |
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268 | template <class FromType> |
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269 | inline bool convertOStringStream(std::string* output, const FromType& input) |
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270 | { |
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271 | std::ostringstream oss; |
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272 | if (oss << input) |
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273 | { |
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274 | (*output) = oss.str(); |
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275 | return true; |
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276 | } |
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277 | else |
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278 | return false; |
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279 | } |
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280 | |
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281 | // template that evaluates whether OStringStream is possible for conversions to std::string |
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282 | template <class FromType, int Dummy> |
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283 | struct ConverterSS<std::string, FromType, Dummy> |
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284 | { |
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285 | // probe for '<<' stringstream operator |
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286 | static bool convert(std::string* output, const FromType& input) |
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287 | { |
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288 | const bool probe = OStringStreamOperator<FromType>::exists; |
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289 | return convert(output, input, StringStreamPossible<probe>()); |
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290 | } |
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291 | // Conversion with ostringstream possible |
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292 | static bool convert(std::string* output, const FromType& input, StringStreamPossible<true>) |
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293 | { |
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294 | return convertOStringStream(output, input); |
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295 | } |
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296 | // Conversion with ostringstream not possible |
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297 | static bool convert(std::string* output, const FromType& input, StringStreamPossible<false>) |
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298 | { |
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299 | COUT(2) << "Could not convert value of type " << typeid(FromType).name() |
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300 | << " to std::string" << std::endl; |
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301 | return false; |
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302 | } |
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303 | }; |
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304 | |
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305 | |
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306 | /////////////////// |
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307 | // IStringStream // |
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308 | /////////////////// |
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309 | |
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310 | // conversion from std::string via istringstream |
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311 | template <class ToType> |
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312 | inline bool convertIStringStream(ToType* output, const std::string& input) |
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313 | { |
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314 | std::istringstream iss(input); |
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315 | if (iss >> (*output)) |
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316 | { |
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317 | return true; |
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318 | } |
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319 | else |
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320 | return false; |
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321 | } |
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322 | |
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323 | // template that evaluates whether IStringStream is possible for conversions from std::string |
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324 | template <class ToType, int Dummy> |
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325 | struct ConverterSS<ToType, std::string, Dummy> |
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326 | { |
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327 | // probe for '>>' stringstream operator |
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328 | static bool convert(ToType* output, const std::string& input) |
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329 | { |
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330 | const bool probe = IStringStreamOperator<ToType>::exists; |
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331 | return convert(output, input, StringStreamPossible<probe>()); |
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332 | } |
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333 | // Conversion with istringstream possible |
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334 | static bool convert(ToType* output, const std::string& input, StringStreamPossible<true>) |
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335 | { |
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336 | return convertIStringStream(output, input); |
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337 | } |
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338 | // Conversion with istringstream not possible |
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339 | static bool convert(ToType* output, const std::string& input, StringStreamPossible<false>) |
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340 | { |
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341 | COUT(2) << "Could not convert std::string value to type " << typeid(ToType).name() << std::endl; |
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342 | return false; |
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343 | } |
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344 | }; |
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345 | |
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346 | |
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347 | /////////////////// |
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348 | // Implicit Cast // |
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349 | /////////////////// |
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350 | |
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351 | // We can cast implicitely |
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352 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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353 | inline bool convert(ToType* output, const FromType& input, ImplicitPossible<true>) |
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354 | { |
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355 | (*output) = static_cast<ToType>(input); |
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356 | return true; |
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357 | } |
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358 | |
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359 | // No implicit cast, leave it up to << and >> via template spcialisation |
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360 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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361 | inline bool convert(ToType* output, const FromType& input, ImplicitPossible<false>) |
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362 | { |
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363 | return ConverterSS<ToType, FromType, 0>::convert(output, input); |
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364 | } |
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365 | |
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366 | |
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367 | ///////////////////////// |
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368 | // Explicit Conversion // |
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369 | ///////////////////////// |
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370 | |
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371 | // We can convert explicitely via function overloading |
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372 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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373 | inline bool convert(ToType* output, const FromType& input, ExplicitPossible<true>) |
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374 | { |
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375 | // This function can by anywhere globally! |
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376 | return explicitConversion(output, input); |
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377 | } |
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378 | |
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379 | // No explict conversion via explicitConversion(), try implicit cast |
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380 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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381 | inline bool convert(ToType* output, const FromType& input, ExplicitPossible<false>) |
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382 | { |
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383 | const bool probe = ImplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists; |
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384 | return convert(output, input, ImplicitPossible<probe>()); |
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385 | } |
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386 | } |
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387 | |
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388 | // We usually don't have a namespace in util/ but it would still be desirable to lock |
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389 | // everything internal away in namespace conversion. |
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390 | // However this template can be specialised everywhere. |
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391 | |
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392 | // Template that is used when no explicit template specialisation is available |
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393 | // try explicitConversion() function next. |
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394 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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395 | struct ConverterExplicit |
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396 | { |
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397 | static bool convert(ToType* output, const FromType& input) |
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398 | { |
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399 | // check for explicit conversion via function overloading |
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400 | const bool probe = ExplicitConversion<FromType, ToType>::exists; |
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401 | return conversion::convert(output, input, conversion::ExplicitPossible<probe>()); |
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402 | } |
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403 | }; |
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404 | |
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405 | |
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406 | ////////////////////// |
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407 | // Public Functions // |
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408 | ////////////////////// |
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409 | |
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410 | /** |
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411 | @brief |
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412 | Converts any value to any other as long as there exits a conversion. |
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413 | Otherwise, the conversion will generate a runtime warning. |
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414 | For information about the different conversion methods (user defined too), see the section |
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415 | 'Actual conversion sequence' in this file above. |
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416 | */ |
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417 | template <class ToType, class FromType> |
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418 | inline bool convertValue(ToType* output, const FromType& input) |
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419 | { |
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420 | // check whether we can convert one type to the other explicitely via explicit template specialisations |
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421 | return ConverterExplicit<ToType, FromType>::convert(output, input); |
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422 | } |
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423 | |
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424 | // For compatibility reasons. The same, but with capital ConvertValue |
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425 | template<class FromType, class ToType> |
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426 | inline bool ConvertValue(ToType* output, const FromType& input) |
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427 | { |
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428 | return convertValue(output, input); |
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429 | } |
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430 | |
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431 | // Calls convertValue and returns true if the conversion was successful. |
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432 | // Otherwise the fallback is used. |
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433 | template<class FromType, class ToType> |
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434 | inline bool ConvertValue(ToType* output, const FromType& input, const ToType& fallback) |
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435 | { |
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436 | if (convertValue(output, input)) |
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437 | return true; |
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438 | |
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439 | (*output) = fallback; |
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440 | return false; |
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441 | } |
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442 | |
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443 | // Directly returns the converted value, even if the conversion was not successful. |
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444 | template<class FromType, class ToType> |
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445 | inline ToType getConvertedValue(const FromType& input) |
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446 | { |
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447 | ToType output; |
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448 | ConvertValue(&output, input); |
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449 | return output; |
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450 | } |
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451 | |
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452 | // Directly returns the converted value, but uses the fallback on failure. |
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453 | template<class FromType, class ToType> |
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454 | inline ToType getConvertedValue(const FromType& input, const ToType& fallback) |
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455 | { |
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456 | ToType output; |
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457 | ConvertValue(&output, input, fallback); |
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458 | return output; |
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459 | } |
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460 | |
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461 | // Like getConvertedValue, but the template argument order is in reverse. |
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462 | // That means you can call it exactly like static_cast<ToType>(fromTypeValue). |
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463 | template<class ToType, class FromType> |
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464 | inline ToType conversion_cast(const FromType& input) |
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465 | { |
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466 | ToType output; |
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467 | ConvertValue(&output, input); |
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468 | return output; |
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469 | } |
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470 | |
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471 | // Like conversion_cast above, but uses a fallback on failure. |
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472 | template<class ToType, class FromType> |
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473 | inline ToType conversion_cast(const FromType& input, const ToType& fallback) |
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474 | { |
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475 | ToType output; |
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476 | ConvertValue(&output, input, fallback); |
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477 | return output; |
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478 | } |
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479 | |
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480 | |
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481 | /////////////////////////////////////// |
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482 | // Explicit Template Specialisations // |
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483 | /////////////////////////////////////// |
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484 | |
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485 | // delegate conversion from const char* to std::string |
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486 | template <class ToType> |
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487 | struct ConverterExplicit<ToType, const char*> |
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488 | { |
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489 | static bool convert(ToType* output, const char* input) |
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490 | { |
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491 | return ConverterExplicit<ToType, std::string>::convert(output, input); |
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492 | } |
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493 | }; |
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494 | |
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495 | // These conversions would exhibit ambiguous << or >> operators when using stringstream |
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496 | template <> struct ConverterExplicit<std::string, char> |
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497 | { |
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498 | static bool convert(std::string* output, const char input) |
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499 | { |
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500 | *output = std::string(1, input); |
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501 | return true; |
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502 | } |
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503 | }; |
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504 | template <> struct ConverterExplicit<std::string, unsigned char> |
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505 | { |
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506 | static bool convert(std::string* output, const unsigned char input) |
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507 | { |
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508 | *output = std::string(1, input); |
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509 | return true; |
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510 | } |
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511 | }; |
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512 | template <> struct ConverterExplicit<char, std::string> |
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513 | { |
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514 | static bool convert(char* output, const std::string input) |
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515 | { |
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516 | if (input != "") |
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517 | *output = input[0]; |
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518 | else |
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519 | *output = '\0'; |
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520 | return true; |
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521 | } |
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522 | }; |
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523 | template <> struct ConverterExplicit<unsigned char, std::string> |
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524 | { |
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525 | static bool convert(unsigned char* output, const std::string input) |
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526 | { |
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527 | if (input != "") |
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528 | *output = input[0]; |
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529 | else |
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530 | *output = '\0'; |
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531 | return true; |
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532 | } |
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533 | }; |
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534 | |
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535 | #endif /* _Convert_H__ */ |
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