/*
 *   ORXONOX - the hottest 3D action shooter ever to exist
 *                    > www.orxonox.net <
 *
 *
 *   License notice:
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *   as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 *   of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 *
 *   Author:
 *      Fabian 'x3n' Landau
 *   Co-authors:
 *      ...
 *
 */

/**
    @defgroup Identifier Identifier
    @ingroup Class
*/

/**
    @file
    @ingroup Class Identifier
    @brief Declaration of Identifier, definition of ClassIdentifier<T>; used to identify the class of an object.

    @anchor IdentifierExample

    An Identifier "identifies" the class of an object. It contains different information about
    the class: Its name and ID, a list of all instances of this class, a factory to create new
    instances of this class, and more.

    It also contains information about the inheritance of this class: It stores a list of the
    Identifiers of all parent-classes as well as a list of all child-classes. These relationships
    can be tested using functions like @c isA(), @c isChildOf(), @c isParentOf(), and more.

    Every Identifier is in fact a ClassIdentifier<T> (where T is the class that is identified
    by the Identifier), Identifier is just the common base-class.

    Example:
    @code
    MyClass* object = new MyClass();                                            // create an instance of MyClass

    object->getIdentifier()->getName();                                         // returns "MyClass"

    Identifiable* other = object->getIdentifier()->fabricate(0);                // fabricates a new instance of MyClass


    // test the class hierarchy
    object->getIdentifier()->isA(Class(MyClass));                               // returns true
    object->isA(Class(MyClass));                                                // returns true (short version)

    object->isA(Class(BaseClass));                                              // returns true if MyClass is a child of BaseClass

    Class(ChildClass)->isChildOf(object->getIdentifier());                      // returns true if ChildClass is a child of MyClass
    @endcode
*/

#ifndef _Identifier_H__
#define _Identifier_H__

#include "core/CorePrereqs.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <loki/TypeTraits.h>
#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_base_of.hpp>

#include "util/Output.h"
#include "util/OrxAssert.h"
#include "core/object/ObjectList.h"
#include "core/object/Listable.h"
#include "core/object/Context.h"
#include "core/object/Destroyable.h"
#include "core/object/WeakPtr.h"
#include "IdentifierManager.h"
#include "Super.h"

namespace orxonox
{
    // ###############################
    // ###       Identifier        ###
    // ###############################
    /**
        @brief The Identifier is used to identify the class of an object and to store information about the class.

        Each Identifier stores information about one class. The Identifier can then be used to identify
        this class. On the other hand it's also possible to get the corresponding Identifier of a class,
        for example by using the macro Class().

        @see See @ref IdentifierExample "Identifier.h" for more information and some examples.

        @note You can't directly create an Identifier, it's just the base-class of ClassIdentifier<T>.
    */
    class _CoreExport Identifier : public Destroyable
    {
        public:
            struct InheritsFrom //! helper class to manually define inheritance
            {
                virtual ~InheritsFrom() {}
                virtual Identifier* getParent() const = 0;
            };

        public:
            Identifier(const std::string& name, Factory* factory, bool bLoadable);
            Identifier(const Identifier& identifier); // don't copy
            virtual ~Identifier();

            /// Returns the name of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::string& getName() const { return this->name_; }

            /// Returns the type_info of the class as it is returned by typeid(T)
            virtual const std::type_info& getTypeInfo() = 0;

            /// Returns the network ID to identify a class through the network.
            inline uint32_t getNetworkID() const { return this->networkID_; }
            void setNetworkID(uint32_t id);

            /// Returns the unique ID of the class.
            ORX_FORCEINLINE unsigned int getClassID() const { return this->classID_; }

            /// Returns true if the Identifier has a Factory.
            inline bool hasFactory() const { return (this->factory_ != 0); }

            Identifiable* fabricate(Context* context);

            /// Returns true if the class can be loaded through XML.
            inline bool isLoadable() const { return this->bLoadable_; }

            /// Returns true if child classes should inherit virtually from this class.
            inline bool isVirtualBase() const { return this->bIsVirtualBase_; }
            /// Defines if child classes should inherit virtually from this class.
            inline void setVirtualBase(bool bIsVirtualBase) { this->bIsVirtualBase_ = bIsVirtualBase; }

            /// Returns true if the Identifier was completely initialized.
            inline bool isInitialized() const { return this->bInitialized_; }

            virtual void destroyObjects() = 0;

            virtual bool canDynamicCastObjectToIdentifierClass(Identifiable* object) const = 0;

            static bool initConfigValues_s; // TODO: this is a hack - remove it as soon as possible


            /////////////////////////////
            ////// Class Hierarchy //////
            /////////////////////////////
            Identifier& inheritsFrom(InheritsFrom* directParent);

            void initializeParents(const std::list<const Identifier*>& initializationTrace);
            void finishInitialization();
            void reset();

            bool isA(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isExactlyA(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isChildOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isDirectChildOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isParentOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isDirectParentOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;

            /// Returns the direct parents of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::list<const Identifier*>& getDirectParents() const { return this->directParents_; }
            /// Returns the parents of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::list<const Identifier*>& getParents() const { return this->parents_; }

            /// Returns the direct children the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getDirectChildren() const { return this->directChildren_; }
            /// Returns the children of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getChildren() const { return this->children_; }


            /////////////////////////
            ///// Config Values /////
            /////////////////////////
            virtual void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren = true) const = 0;

            /// Returns true if this class has at least one config value.
            inline bool hasConfigValues() const { return this->bHasConfigValues_; }

            void addConfigValueContainer(const std::string& varname, ConfigValueContainer* container);
            ConfigValueContainer* getConfigValueContainer(const std::string& varname);


            ///////////////////
            ///// XMLPort /////
            ///////////////////
            /// Returns the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline const std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>& getXMLPortParamMap() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_; }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortParamMapBegin() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_.begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortParamMapEnd() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_.end(); }

            /// Returns the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline const std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>& getXMLPortObjectMap() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_; }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortObjectMapBegin() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_.begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortObjectMapEnd() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_.end(); }

            void addXMLPortParamContainer(const std::string& paramname, XMLPortParamContainer* container);
            XMLPortParamContainer* getXMLPortParamContainer(const std::string& paramname);

            void addXMLPortObjectContainer(const std::string& sectionname, XMLPortObjectContainer* container);
            XMLPortObjectContainer* getXMLPortObjectContainer(const std::string& sectionname);

        protected:
            virtual void createSuperFunctionCaller() const = 0;

        private:
            void verifyIdentifierTrace() const;
            void addIfNotExists(std::list<const Identifier*>& list, const Identifier* identifierToAdd) const;

            std::list<const InheritsFrom*> manualDirectParents_;            //!< Manually defined direct parents
            std::list<const Identifier*> directParents_;                    //!< The direct parents of the class the Identifier belongs to (sorted by their order of initialization)
            std::list<const Identifier*> parents_;                          //!< The parents of the class the Identifier belongs to (sorted by their order of initialization)

            std::set<const Identifier*> directChildren_;                   //!< The direct children of the class the Identifier belongs to
            std::set<const Identifier*> children_;                         //!< The children of the class the Identifier belongs to

            bool bInitialized_;                                            //!< Is true if the Identifier was completely initialized
            bool bLoadable_;                                               //!< False = it's not permitted to load the object through XML
            bool bIsVirtualBase_;                                          //!< If true, it is recommended to inherit virtually from this class. This changes the order of initialization of child classes, thus this information is necessary to check the class hierarchy.
            std::string name_;                                             //!< The name of the class the Identifier belongs to
            Factory* factory_;                                             //!< The Factory, able to create new objects of the given class (if available)
            uint32_t networkID_;                                           //!< The network ID to identify a class through the network
            unsigned int classID_;                                         //!< Uniquely identifies a class (might not be the same as the networkID_)

            bool bHasConfigValues_;                                        //!< True if this class has at least one assigned config value
            std::map<std::string, ConfigValueContainer*> configValues_;    //!< A map to link the string of configurable variables with their ConfigValueContainer

            std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*> xmlportParamContainers_;     //!< All loadable parameters
            std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*> xmlportObjectContainers_;   //!< All attachable objects
    };

    _CoreExport std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const std::set<const Identifier*>& list);


    // ###############################
    // ###     ClassIdentifier     ###
    // ###############################
    /**
        @brief The ClassIdentifier is derived from Identifier and holds all class-specific functions and variables the Identifier cannot have.

        ClassIdentifier is a Singleton, which means that only one ClassIdentifier for a given type T exists.
        This makes it possible to store information about a class, sharing them with all
        objects of that class without defining static variables in every class.

        To be really sure that not more than exactly one object exists (even with libraries),
        ClassIdentifiers are stored in a static map in Identifier.
    */
    template <class T>
    class ClassIdentifier : public Identifier
    {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((boost::is_base_of<Identifiable, T>::value));

        #ifndef DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS
          #define SUPER_INTRUSIVE_DECLARATION_INCLUDE
          #include "Super.h"
        #endif

        public:
            ClassIdentifier(const std::string& name, Factory* factory, bool bLoadable) : Identifier(name, factory, bLoadable)
            {
                OrxVerify(ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s == NULL, "Assertion failed in ClassIdentifier of type " << typeid(T).name());
                ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s = this;

                SuperFunctionInitialization<0, T>::initialize(this);
            }
            ~ClassIdentifier()
            {
                SuperFunctionDestruction<0, T>::destroy(this);
            }

            bool initializeObject(T* object);

            virtual void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren = true) const;

            virtual const std::type_info& getTypeInfo()
                { return typeid(T); }

            virtual bool canDynamicCastObjectToIdentifierClass(Identifiable* object) const
                { return dynamic_cast<T*>(object) != 0; }

            virtual void destroyObjects();

            static ClassIdentifier<T>* getIdentifier();

        private:
            ClassIdentifier(const ClassIdentifier<T>& identifier) {}    // don't copy

            void setConfigValues(T* object, Configurable*) const;
            void setConfigValues(T* object, Identifiable*) const;

            void addObjectToList(T* object, Listable*);
            void addObjectToList(T* object, Identifiable*);

            void destroyObjects(Listable*);
            void destroyObjects(void*);

            void destroyObject(Destroyable* object);
            void destroyObject(void* object);

            void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren, Listable*) const;
            void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren, Identifiable*) const;

            static WeakPtr<ClassIdentifier<T> > classIdentifier_s;
    };

    template <class T>
    WeakPtr<ClassIdentifier<T> > ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s;

    /**
        @brief Returns the only instance of this class.
        @return The unique Identifier
    */
    template <class T>
    /*static*/ inline ClassIdentifier<T>* ClassIdentifier<T>::getIdentifier()
    {
        if (ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s == NULL)
            ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s = (ClassIdentifier<T>*) IdentifierManager::getInstance().getIdentifierByTypeInfo(typeid(T));

        OrxVerify(ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s != NULL, "Did you forget to register the class of type " << typeid(T).name() << "?");
        return ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s;
    }

    /**
        @brief Adds an object of the given type to the ObjectList.
        @param object The object to add
    */
    template <class T>
    bool ClassIdentifier<T>::initializeObject(T* object)
    {
        orxout(verbose, context::object_list) << "Register Object: " << this->getName() << endl;

        object->identifier_ = this;
        if (IdentifierManager::getInstance().isCreatingHierarchy())
        {
            IdentifierManager::getInstance().createdObject(object);

            if (Identifier::initConfigValues_s)
                this->setConfigValues(object, object);

            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            this->addObjectToList(object, object);

            // Add pointer of type T to the map in the Identifiable instance that enables "dynamic_casts"
            object->objectPointers_.push_back(std::make_pair(this->getClassID(), static_cast<void*>(object)));
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Only configures the object if is a @ref Configurable
     */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::setConfigValues(T* object, Configurable*) const
    {
        object->setConfigValues();
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::setConfigValues(T*, Identifiable*) const
    {
        // no action
    }

    /**
     * @brief Only adds the object to the object list if is a @ref Listable
     */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::addObjectToList(T* object, Listable* listable)
    {
        if (listable->getContext())
            listable->getContext()->addObject(object);
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::addObjectToList(T*, Identifiable*)
    {
        // no action
    }

    /**
     * @brief Destroy all objects of this class (must be Listable).
     * Destroyables are destroyed with destroy(), all other classes with delete.
     */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::destroyObjects()
    {
        this->destroyObjects((T*)0);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Only searches and destroys objects if is a @ref Listable
     */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::destroyObjects(Listable*)
    {
        ObjectListBase* objectList = Context::getRootContext()->getObjectList(this);
        ObjectListElement<T>* begin = static_cast<ObjectListElement<T>*>(objectList->begin());
        ObjectListElement<T>* end = static_cast<ObjectListElement<T>*>(objectList->end());
        for (typename ObjectList<T>::iterator it = begin; it != end; )
            this->destroyObject(*(it++));
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::destroyObjects(void*)
    {
        // no action
    }

    /**
     * @brief Call 'object->destroy()' for Destroyables and 'delete object' for all other types.
     */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::destroyObject(Destroyable* object)
    {
        object->destroy();
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::destroyObject(void* object)
    {
        delete static_cast<Identifiable*>(object);
    }

    /**
        @brief Updates the config-values of all existing objects of this class by calling their setConfigValues() function.
    */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren) const
    {
        this->updateConfigValues(updateChildren, static_cast<T*>(NULL));
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren, Listable*) const
    {
        if (!this->hasConfigValues())
            return;

        for (ObjectListIterator<T> it = ObjectList<T>::begin(); it; ++it)
            this->setConfigValues(*it, *it);

        if (updateChildren)
            for (std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator it = this->getChildren().begin(); it != this->getChildren().end(); ++it)
                (*it)->updateConfigValues(false);
    }

    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren, Identifiable*) const
    {
        // no action
    }


    // ###############################
    // ###      orxonox_cast       ###
    // ###############################
    /**
    @brief
        Casts on object of type Identifiable to any derived type that is
        registered in the class hierarchy.
    @return
        Returns NULL if the cast is not possible
    @note
        In case of NULL return (and using MSVC), a dynamic_cast might still be possible if
        a class forgot to register its objects.
        Also note that the function is implemented differently for GCC/MSVC.
    */
    template <class T, class U>
    ORX_FORCEINLINE T orxonox_cast(U* source)
    {
#ifdef ORXONOX_COMPILER_MSVC
        typedef Loki::TypeTraits<typename Loki::TypeTraits<T>::PointeeType>::NonConstType ClassType;
        if (source != NULL)
            return source->template getDerivedPointer<ClassType>(ClassIdentifier<ClassType>::getIdentifier()->getClassID());
        else
            return NULL;
#else
        return dynamic_cast<T>(source);
#endif
    }
}

#endif /* _Identifier_H__ */